Second, computers of this era had limited processing power and could not undertake the less rule-based approach which was ultimately far more successful.īeginning in the 1980s, however, advances in both linguistic theory and computational processing power led to NLP based on statistics and probability. Liddy, Natural Language Processing, in Encyclopedia of Library and Information Science 2126 (2d ed. First, at the time Noam Chomsky, whose theory posits that all natural languages comprise hierarchies of grammars and adhere to a universal set of rules, greatly influenced linguistics as a result, most NLP systems resembled complex decision trees based on numerous human-devised rules, despite natural language being much more nuanced in reality ( e.g., puns, metaphors, and homographs – identically spelled words with multiple meanings). Nevertheless, progress in this field was slow for the following decades for two reasons. 2 John Hutchins, The first public demonstration of machine translation: the Georgetown-IBM system, 7th January 1954 (Nov. In what is known as “the Georgetown-IBM Experiment” of 1954, more than sixty Russian sentences were automatically translated into English by computers (with varying degree of success). Nadkarni, Natural Language Processing: An Introduction, J. NLP research began in the 1950s as the intersection of artificial intelligence and linguistics. This article briefly explains the process of NLP and highlights some important legal implications of the technology. At the same time, the advancement of NLP requires gathering copious amounts of data from users, thereby raising important legal issues in data ownership, privacy, and security. Because NLP is concerned with the interactions between computer and human (natural) languages, it has important applications in the advancement of artificial intelligence and machine learning, from digital assistant applications, such as Siri and Google Now, to machine translation and sentiment analysis. Computers operate on the foundation of if/then logic statements, whereas natural human language systems do not NLP endeavors to bridge this divide by enabling a computer to analyze what a user said (input speech recognition) and process what the user meant. Natural Language Processing (NLP) is a field of computer science, artificial intelligence, and computational linguistics.
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